Pierre Trudeau was Canada’s most successful liberal leader.
However, his career-long fight with Quebec separatists also glamorized a
bitter, deeply illiberal tendency in federalist thinking right across the
country. There was, simply, nothing
lighthearted or openminded about his utterances or his arguments about
Canada’s federation. We honor his memory: to this day, it’s just common sense to
dismiss any talk of Quebec independence as nihilistic in the rest of Canada, and
suicidal stupidity in Quebec.
Federalism—for Quebec in Canada or, someday for that matter,
for Canada in a larger union with the US—should remain a positive ideal for liberals
and conservatives who want to maximize their freedom and their influence for good
in the world. That said, however, it’s not our duty to encumber any new
discussion in Quebec about its options with contemptuous clichés: that they’d
fail on their own and that their ideal alternative—"sovereignty association"—is
unworkable.
That option is second-best, as are all sorts of federal
models, but it could turn out to be what Quebecers want, and accommodating what
a clear majority of people want is surely better than using fear to hold that clear majority in this federation.
David
Frum offered the classic blunt-force antiseparatist argument in his
pre-election column last weekend, “The real reason that separatism is dead.” He
doesn’t deign to evoke Trudeau’s victorious liberal spirit. Rather, he points
to the crowd scrambling out a burning theater: “Look at the European Union.”
“An independent Quebec would be
crazy to stay on the same currency as the rest of Canada. If it did, it would
find itself exactly in the position of Spain and Italy relative to Germany. No,
worse than that — in the position of Argentina relative to the United States
during Argentina’s brief tragic experiment with 'dollarization' in the early 2000s.
“The great lesson of the past
dozen years of currency experiments is: Currency union without fiscal union
leads to financial crisis and economic depression.
“If Quebec breaks the fiscal
union with Canada, it must for its own sake exit the currency union too. Which
means that Quebeckers will awake the next day to huge depreciations of their
salaries, benefits, and savings.”
A politically sovereign Quebec operating within a common
market and currency union with Canada—or, indeed, along with Canada, using the
US dollar—is likely a vision beyond the competence of premier-elect Pauline
Marois to sell, let alone negotiate. However, worldly David Frum’s contempt for
the idea is unconvincing.
Compared to the rest of North America, Quebec isn’t another
Spain, Greece, or Argentina. It’s economic potential and technological
competence put it closer to the Netherlands and France.
Its human and resource potential is above average on this
continent. Sure, it needs a responsible government. But it doesn’t need a fiscal
straight jacket or massive IMF loans to manage and finance its public services
and infrastructure.
The Great Recession hasn’t killed global capitalism and
won’t destroy the eurozone. The survivors are determined to preserve both. No
one outside Tory dinner clubs in London imagines that the countries of Northern
Europe can’t govern their affairs within the eurozone, along with significant
nation fiscal autonomy. On this
continent, the collapse of the housing markets in Nevada, California, and
Florida didn’t put the US currency union in doubt or lead to socializing the
banks.
Of course, it’s verboten to imagine aloud that after a
successful pro-independence referendum, embittered Canadian federalists and
victorious Quebec separatists could act promptly in their collective interests.
However, if Frum looks a little closer at Europe, he might note that winners
and losers in half a dozen languages are making massive sacrifices, financially
and politically, to preserve the euro and their young federation.
Can't help commenting on this column, and my apologies if it sounds as if I am just trying to attract attention to my work, but I translated a great book on Language and Politics in Canada and Quebec (by historians Marcel Martel' York University, and Martin Pâquet, Laval University) that will be published in English in the fall by BLT in Toronto. I am mentioning this book, because, believe it or not, it changed my, very negative, reaction to Trudeau. To make a long, and very complex, story short, the book brilliantly demonstrates the clash between those who believe in individual rights and those who fight for collective rights. Quite a debate, which I will not enter into here.
ReplyDeleteThen, there is the quote by Mr. Frumm. I prefer to chuckle rather that become mad at all those English Canadian "intellectuals" who seem to be able to analyse Quebec as if they would not have to make major adjustments themselves to an potential, though improbable , separation of that province from the rest of Canada. I have just finished revising a new translation of the Durham Report (1839). Mr. Frumm joins in the long list of enlightened Englishmen who have discarded Quebec, its culture and economical and political abilities for quite a while now. God bless their existence, and the War of 1812!!!
As always, it's a great pleasure to read you!
Patricia Dumas